• The glucocorticoid GR complex exerts wide

  2021-10-19

  

  The glucocorticoid-GR complex exerts wide-spread cellular effects through two distinct mechanisms categorized as genomic and non-genomic pathways [3,39]. Most non-genomic pathways originate from activation of mGR [40]. These actions of the GR appear to all play an important role in the regulation of

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We would like

  2021-10-19

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Xiping Cheng for help with the immunohistochemistry staining, Qi Su for help with gene expression analysis, and Dr. Chaoying Liang at the UTSW Genomics Microarray Core facility for assistance on RNA-seq. W.-H.L. was supported by grant awa

• Natural products are a diverse and interesting source for th

  2021-10-18

  

  Natural products are a diverse and interesting source for the discovery of new lead structures (Newman and Cragg, 2016). After a successful era of natural product research, many pharmaceutical companies stopped their investment in natural product-driven drug discovery in the 1990s. The reason behind

• br Clinical development of FGFR inhibitors

  2021-10-18

  

  Clinical development of FGFR inhibitors in breast cancer The rationale to explore the role of FGFR inhibitors in patients with breast cancer comes from a variety of sources. These include genomic aberrations frequently identified in the FGF/FGFR pathway in breast cancer, the increased sensitivity

• Introduction Histone is the core component of chromatin and

  2021-10-18

  

  Introduction Histone is the core component of chromatin and histone modification is one of the key mechanisms of epigenetic regulation (Bannister and Kouzarides, 2011). Amino Granzyme B Inhibitor Z-AAD-CH2Cl residues on histone tails can be modified under different mechanisms including acetylation

• Camptothecin is a type of topo

  2021-10-18

  

  Camptothecin is a type of topo I inhibitor, and its prodrugs irinotecan and topotecan have been approved by the FDA for clinical cancer treatment. It has been reported that SAHA can enhance the cytotoxicity of camptothecin derivatives in several cancer cell lines20., 21., 22., 23., 24.. Taking the s

• Like tBHQ and DEM treatment of Keap MEFs with

  2021-10-18

  

  Like tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1+/+ MEFs with SFN increased the abundance of Hmox1 and Nqo1 mRNA, and this was blunted by LY294002 and MK-2206 (Figure 2C). However, unlike the situation with tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1−/− MEFs with SFN did not increase further the elevated basal levels of

• Finally a potentially effective therapeutic

  2021-10-18

  

  Finally, a potentially effective therapeutic approach is to target the LDH enzymes that mediate bidirectional conversion of pyruvate into lactate. In particular, because LDHA is the predominant isoform expressed in glycolytic tumours, an array of LDHA-targeting compounds have been proposed and valid

• In addition to redox stress nutritional intake plays

  2021-10-18

  

  In addition to redox stress, nutritional intake plays a key role in modulating energy metabolism. DIO animal models are commonly used to study altered metabolic changes consequential to fat storage within various fat pads. In general, diets containing >40% high-fat lard, milk, and butter promote exc

• The use of HIV peptide

  2021-10-18

  

  The use of HIV-1 peptide epitope-based vaccines is safer and cheaper than live or inactivated vaccines [8]. However, peptide epitope vaccines could show poor immunogenicity and have poor uptake by APCs [9]. Nevertheless, nanocarrier-based delivery platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the pept

• GLP and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide GIP

  2021-10-18

  

  GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are gut hormones secreted from intestinal L KW-6002 and K cells, respectively. Together, these hormones account for the vast majority of the incretin effect, the enhanced postprandial insulin secretion observed in healthy adults (Dupre et al.

• So far several methods have been used to monitor the

  2021-10-18

  

  So far, several methods have been used to monitor the level of GJC and its regulation in astrocytes studied in acute Fmoc-D-Phe(4-Cl)-OH receptor slices (see Giaume et al., 2012). This mainly includes approaches based either on electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels or on “dye cou

• In tumor cells HK II induction is mediated by Akt

  2021-10-16

  

  In tumor cells HK-II induction is mediated by Akt/mTOR pathway [6], [11]. HK-II dynamically shuttles between the mitochondria and cytoplasm under different metabolic conditions. In cardiomyocytes, Akt enhances HK-II binding to mitochondria, setting the heart at a state resistant to ischemic injury [

• Based on our results we propose

  2021-10-16

  

  Based on our results, we propose three possible mechanisms of HER2 loss after trastuzumab-based therapy (Fig. 3). The first possibility is a result of the differential effects of treatments on clonal subsets. In breast cancer, such selective pressure has been suggested to preferentially eradicate HE

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest

  2021-10-16

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Introduction The human epithelial receptor 2 (HER2 or erbb2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases that act through the EGF signaling cascade [1,2]. Approximately 20% of breast cancers overexpress HER2

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